
威廉王子....

芭莉絲 希爾頓在監獄裡

小布也要自己加油,國外總統不容易啊

布希吃餅乾噎到,小心點啊...

布萊爾給布希當腳踏板

英國女皇上廁所

比爾 蓋茲 也用ipod來跳舞???

汗...都兩個鐘頭了,還解不開...?

布希你在幹嘛......

安潔麗娜.裘莉剔腿毛

傑克遜真有這事兒

貝瑞幹嘛把小金人塗黑啊

瑪丹娜也要自己熨衣服,好主婦...

艾爾頓強這是在幹什麼

PS:以上大部份圖片為長相近似演員的模仿拍攝惡搞。
"Learnt" is the past tense of "learn" and is used as a verb.
For example, "She only learnt about the news yesterday."
As for "learned", it is used as an adjective to refer to someone who has much knowledge.
For example, "We consulted the learned professors."
I have seen people writing "Specially for you" but lately I have also read "Especially for you". Is the latter grammatically correct?
If something is bought only for someone for a specific purpose – you can label it “specially for you”.
“Especially” means “much more than usually or normally”.
For example, “He tried to appear especially cheerful for her sake.” The smiles were especially for her.
"You are to bring along your student pass to the camp."
"You are to take your student pass to the camp."
Do these two sentences have the same meaning? Can the words "bring" and "take" be used interchangeably?
The words "bring" and "take" do not have the same meaning.
"To bring" refers to a two-way process where the subject would be back at the original position/location.
"To take" refers to a one-way process where the subject would be left at the destination.
For example: If we were to "bring along the student pass", it means that we would have the pass back with us when we return to our original location.
However, if we were to "take our pass to the camp", the pass would actually be left at the camp (destination).
Considering words starting with the vowels (a, e, i, o, u) have “an” as a prefix, is it “a eunuch” or “an eunuch”? Any other exceptions?
It’s “a eunuch” because the word “eunuch” sounds like it begins with “y”.
Other examples: a eulogy, a unicorn.
We say “an honest man” because the “h” in “honest” is silent and the word sounds like it begins with an “o”.
Other examples: an honourable person, an honorarium
“Alternative route to
An “alternative” is something you can choose or have instead of something else. Therefore, “alternative route” is correct.
"Alternate" in American English is used to denote something that is different from the usual. So you may find "alternate" route being used in some writing.
I stay in a/an HDB apartment?
Generally, when we say it, it would be "an" because of the silent H.
However, when it is written, the abbreviation actually stands for Housing and Development Board apartment, hence, we can use "a" as well.
I would not want to be prescriptive for the written form and say it must only be "an" and not "a" because of the silent "H".
Also, note that it should be "I live in an HDB apartment." ‘Stay’ is temporary as in “I’m staying at the hotel at
Should I say “If I were a billionaire” or “If I was a billionaire” in instances like these when talking about unreal/hypothetical situations?
There are also instances when we say "If I am a billionaire..."
Which is preferred: was, were or am?
All are possible. But note how they are used as follows:
“If I were” is more formal than “If I was”. However, you can use them interchangeably.
We would use "was/were" with "if" when we are talking about unreal situations – to distance our language from reality.
The use of the “am/is/are" with "if" is possible only with reference to circumstances which are probable and likely to happen.
"Everyone wants to change the world but no one wants to change themselves."
Should it be "themselves" or "himself"?
It should be “himself” because “no one” is singular.
Should I say “in” a meeting or “at” a meeting? Should it be “report to” or “report at”?
I am in/at a meeting. Both are possible.
Please report to Mr Ang (person) at ten tonight (time).
Please report to Mr Ang at the club (place).
Dad and Mum went to pay for the bed so that we can get it early or earlier. Which is right – early or earlier?
When you use “earlier” you are referring to two periods of time:
I came early but John came earlier.
He graduated from university earlier than expected.
In the above example, it should be:
Dad and Mum went to pay for the bed so that we can get it early.
However, “earlier” is possible in this context:
Dad and Mum went to pay for the bed so that we can get it earlier than we had planned / than we expected.
Why do people say “I fell for you”? Isn’t it better to say, “I fell in love with you”?
To “fall for something or somebody” can give the idea of being deceived or tricked.
For example, I fell for her tricks.
Certainly, the good old traditional line “I fell in love with you” says it beautifully, leaving no room for misunderstanding.
Is it right to say, “I feel so pressurized?” Should it be pressured or pressurized?
“I feel so pressured” is correct. “Pressurized” refers to certain atmospheric pressure as in “The cabin must be pressurized to enable passengers and crew to breathe normally.”
But note how “pressurized” can also be used according to Times Common Errors in English:
American English: I have never pressured my children to study.
British English: I have never pressurised my children to study.
The use of “pressure” as a verb occurs mainly in American English. British English uses “ pressurize” as in to “exert pressure on”.
It is true that when you pressurize or pressurise someone to do something, you persuade or force them to do it, even though they do not want to.
I saw an advertisement which read: "A child’s growth is boundless. At XYZ Learning Centre, we are only too happy to help it expand forever." Is this right?
It is better to say, "At XYZ Learning Centre, we are only too happy to help your child grow."
Or we are very happy to help your child grow.
Expand is not a word I will use on a child.
Nor will I call my child "it".
Be careful with the words you use. Referring to a child as an "it" may be an oversight but it can also sound offensive to others.
Is it "Enquiry" or "Inquiry"? Are both words interchangeable?
In British English, used here in
An inquiry is an investigation conducted by an organisation, the police for example.
However, in American English, it is common that the word 'inquiry' is used for both instances.
I was travelling by bus one day when someone called me on the phone and asked where I was. Should I say, "I’m in a bus" or "I’m on a bus"?
I was travelling by bus one day when someone called me on the phone and asked where I was. Should I say, "I’m in a bus" or "I’m on a bus"?
You should say, "I’m on a bus."
Use the preposition "On" for transport that you have to step up to in order to board. This applies to trains, planes, bicycles and the MRT.
Use "In" for transport like cars and taxis. This is because you need to step down to get inside the vehicle.
I’ve received many emails from Singaporeans at work that say, "Please revert soonest possible." Is this right?
"Please revert soonest possible" is not Standard English. Try to avoid using it.
You can try a simple and effective statement like "I look forward to hearing from you soon" to end your emails.
The tone sounds friendly while clearly stating the need for the other party to reply to you.
Can the words "although" and "but" be used interchangeably?
"Although" and "but" can be used interchangeably as they both aim to connect two ideas inside the same sentence.
“But” can only be used in the middle of a sentence whereas "although" can be used either at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
Here are some examples:
"She likes him but doesn't want to get married."
"Although they were hungry, they did not eat."
"They did not eat although they were hungry."
Is there any difference between "dateline" and "deadline"? Are these words interchangeable?
"Dateline" refers to a line in a newspaper article that gives the date and the place of origin.
"Deadline", however, refers to the date or time a task needs to be completed.
Given the different meanings, we should not use these words interchangeably.
Is there a difference between "further" and "farther"? How is each of these words used?
"Farther" is an adjective used to refer to a greater distance or a more distant place.
It is only used when we are speaking of real places and distances.
For example, "What is the farthest place that you have been to?
The adjective "further" is used to mean 'more', 'extra' or 'additional'.
For example, "Please write in to us for further information."
People use the alternative word "incentivise" when they mean "motivate". However, the word "incentivise" cannot be found in the dictionary. Is it correct to use this word?
There is no such word as "incentivise". It can only be used in its noun form "incentive".
For example, instead of "This will incentivise him to do better", we should rephrase it to "This will be an incentive for him to do better."
Is there any difference between these words - "learnt" and "learned"? When do we use each of them?
"Learnt" is the past tense of "learn" and is used as a verb.
For example, "She only learnt about the news yesterday."
As for "learned", it is used as an adjective to refer to someone who has much knowledge.
For example, "We consulted the learned professors."
Avoid: Everything outside already. Don’t have, means don’t have.
Say: Sorry Sir, all our items are already on display. I’m afraid we do not have the item available if you can’t find it on the racks.
“Everything outside already. Don’t have, means don’t have”. These non-standard English phrases will make no sense to shoppers unfamiliar with the way some Singaporeans tend to speak.
For many sales staff, saying, “Everything outside already” essentially means that all the items that are available for sale are already on display. And, “Don’t have, means don’t have” means there is no other stock available.
But both these phrases sound very rude and may offend the customer.
Focus On Customer Service
Try this friendlier response the next time a customer asks you for something you don’t have: “Sorry Sir, all our items are already on display. I’m afraid we do not have the item available if you can’t find it on the racks.”
Start off by apologizing to the customer as he/she is probably disappointed that the item is not available. After all, your job as a sales or customer service assistant is to please the customer and fulfil his/her wants, is it not?
Avoid: What size you want? See here. Please don’t take out.
Say: We have all the sizes displayed on this rack. Feel free to browse around and let me know if you need any help.
“What size you want? See here. Please don’t take out.” Essentially, this series of non-standard English phrases is targeted at customers rummaging through the neatly packed shelves to look for clothes that fit them.
It is understandable that the sales assistant is exasperated. After all, it is the sales assistant that will later need to fold up the clothes and stack them neatly on the shelves again.
However, the string of non-standard English phrases is vague. Not every customer will understand what he/she is expected to do.
Watch Out For Common Mistakes
What does “see here” mean? Why should the customer look only at the place you’re asking him/her to look?
“Please don’t take out?” is also grammatically incorrect and it sounds very rude. “Please do not take them out from the shelves. There are samples on display on the rack” is a better option.
To help the customer along, try saying, “We have all the sizes displayed on this rack. Feel free to browse around and let me know if you need any help.”
Avoid: Very cheap already. Don’t believe, you go and see other shops.
Say: I’m afraid we cannot reduce the price any further. I do believe our prices are competitive and you can count on our reliable sales support.
“Very cheap already. Don’t believe, you go and see other shops” is a commonly used response by shopkeepers or sales assistants exasperated by bargain hunters trying to negotiate for a cheaper buy.
But the phrases are grammatically incorrect and may appear rude to some customers. Challenging a customer to go to another shop to check the price out may seem logical but it isn’t a friendly customer-oriented response.
Be Tactful
Instead it is better to just tell your customer tactfully that your prices are low and you cannot reduce them further. Then give them another reason to buy from you – perhaps you give good after sales service.
Try saying: “I’m afraid we cannot reduce the price any further. I do believe our prices are competitive and you can count on our reliable after sales support."
Say: I'm sorry, we have run out of blue.
Avoid: Pay cash or credit card?
Say: Would you be paying by cash, NETS or credit card?
Avoid: Just see what you want.
Say: Please feel free to look around.
Avoid: Yes, what you want?
Say: Are you being served? OR How can I help you?
Avoid: How, Miss? Can wear or not?
Say: Do you like the dress, Miss? Does it fit you?
Avoid: This shoe very comfortable. I also got wear.
Say: These shoes are very comfortable. I have a similar pair.
Avoid: Today got discount. You come tomorrow, no more discount.
Say: The discount is valid for today only.
Avoid: What model you want?
Say: Which model do you prefer?
Avoid: You want to try?
Say: Would you like to try that?
Avoid: Wait, I help you find.
Say: Please wait for a while. I’ll find it for you.
Avoid: Anything more? / Any more?
Say: Would you like to get anything else?
Avoid: Very cheap already. Don’t believe, you go and see other shops.
Say: I’m afraid we cannot reduce the price any further. I do believe our prices are competitive and you can count on our reliable sales support.
Avoid: Cannot try. Dirty how?
Say: I’m sorry but we do not allow customers to try these on for hygiene reasons.
Avoid: It is like this one. Other customers also use.
Say: I’m afraid that’s how it works / that’s how it’s made. If you don’t think it’s suitable, perhaps you would like to try something else.
subject | wish(es) | past perfect | |
I | wish | I had bought | a new coat |
subject | wish(es) | past perfect | |
she | wishes | she hadn't bought | a new coat |
Do/does | subject | wish | past perfect | |
Does | she | wish | she hadn't bought | a new coat? |
subject | regret(s) | verb-ing OR noun |
I | regret | taking my umbrella not taking my umbrella it |
-ed form | -ing form |
annoyed | annoying |
bored | boring |
confused | confusing |
embarrassed | embarrassing |
surprised | surprising |
worried | worrying |
interested | interesting |
Positive sentence - negative tag | You will do it quickly, won't you? |
Negative sentence - positive tag | She isn't happy, is she? |
Main verb - use 'do' | We went to the party, didn't we? |
Pronouns | Yuki and Tomo are Japanese, aren't they? |
At – for times of the day | at half past 7 |
On - for days and dates | on the 5th of June |
In - for longer periods of time | in April |
No preposition – for some time words | next |
Positive sentences | I used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day. | ||
Negative sentences | I didn't use to do any exercise. I didn't use to swim very well. | ||
All pronouns take | I | used to / didn't use to | eat a lot of sweets. eat meat. live in the city. have long hair. |
Present continuous passive
passive subject | 'to be' | being | past participle | |
The bridge | is | being | painted | this year |
The interviews | are | being | held | in the office |
Past continuous passive
passive subject | 'to be' | being | past participle | |
The bridge | was | being | painted | last year |
The interviews | were | being | held | in the office |
Present simple
passive subject | 'to be' | past participle | |
Paper | is | made | from wood |
Tigers | are | found | in India |
Past simple
passive subject | 'to be' | past participle | |
The bridge | was | opened | in 1977 |
The pyramids | were | built | by the Egyptians |
Because
because | subject | verb | |
because | he | felt | ill, he didn't go to the party |
Because of
because of | noun phrase or verb-ing | |
because of | his illness | he didn't go to the party |
because of | feeling ill |
subject | need(s) | verb-ing |
My hair | needs | cutting |
The curtains | need | washing |
subject | doesn't / don't | need | verb-ing |
My hair | doesn't | need | cutting |
The curtains | don't | need | washing |
do/does | subject | need | verb-ing |
Does | my hair | need | cutting? |
Do | the curtains | need | washing? |
Nouns are usually countable or uncountable. Numbers, plurals and the articles 'a' and 'an' are NOT normally used with uncountable nouns.
accommodation | equipment | information | patience | rubbish |
advice | furniture | luggage | pollution | weather |
Still | ||
Are you | still | married to him? |
Is she | unemployed? | |
I'm | living with my parents. | |
They | haven't replied. |
Questions with 'yet' | |
Have you tidied your room Has he come home Has she finished Have they seen the film | yet? |
Negative statements with 'yet' | |
You haven't met her He hasn't done it She hasn't spoken to him They haven't paid | yet? |
Present perfect with 'already' | ||
Have you two | already | met? |
He's done it She's fixed it They've sold their car |
Subject | to have | been | present participle |
I You We They | have 've | been | painting the kitchen. playing tennis. watching TV. |
He She It | has 's |
Subject | to have | been | present participle |
I You We They | have not haven't | been | smoking. playing tennis. working hard. |
He She It | has not hasn't |
Question word | to have | subject | been | present participle |
What | have | I you we they | been | doing? eating? waiting for? |
has | he she it |
for |
24 hours. two days. three hundred years. a few years. |
since |
yesterday morning . 1707. I was at university. they moved to London. he left home. |
Subject | to be | present participle |
I | am 'm | living in Birmingham studying at university waiting for a train |
You We They | are 're | |
He She It | is 's |
Subject | to be | present participle |
I | am not 'm not | smoking these days working very hard at the moment answering the phone today |
You We They | are not aren't | |
He She It | is not isn't |
STRUCTURE | must / mustn't + base form | ||
Positive sentences | I must do my homework. | ||
Negative sentences | We mustn't talk in here! | ||
All pronouns take | I | must / mustn't | have a visa. |
Subject | have to / has to | base form of verb |
I You We They | have to | wear a uniform. get up early on Sundays. study hard. |
He She | has to |
Subject | don't / doesn't have to | base form of verb |
I You We They | don't have to | wear a uniform. get up early on Sundays. study hard! |
He She | doesn't have to |
Subject | have / has | past participle |
I You We They | have 've | studied a lot this term. been teaching here for years. lived here for six years. |
He She It | has 's |
Subject | have not / has not | past participle |
I You We They | have not haven't 've not | bought anything yet. been teaching for long. studied a lot this term. |
He She | has not hasn't 's not |
Has / Have | subject | ever | past participle |
Have | I you we they | (ever) | ridden a horse? read Harry Potter? met anyone famous? |
Has | he she |
subject | should have / shouldn't have | past participle |
|
Matt | should have | worn | a clean shirt. |
He | shouldn't have | been | late. |
should / shouldn't | subject | have | past participle |
|
Should | Matt | have | worn | a clean shirt? |
Shouldn't | he | have | arrived | early? |
If | Past simple | Would / wouldn't | Infinitive (without to) |
If | you lost your passport | it would | take ages to get another one. |
If | it cost me a fortune | I wouldn't | be able to take you on holiday again. |
If | Past simple | Would / wouldn't | Infinitive (without to) |
If | it cost me a fortune | would I | be able to take you on holiday again? |
If | I couldn't take you on holiday | wouldn't we | save a lot of money? |
Noun or pronoun | 'for' + verb-ing |
I'm bringing some pots and pans... | for cooking |
Action or event | Infinitive with 'to' |
We've got some water... | to make tea |
Action or event | 'so that' + subject + verb |
I'm taking some extra blankets... | so that we don't get cold |
In reported speech, we usually put the verb in the reported clause back one tense:
Direct speech |
| Reported speech |
Present Present Perfect Past | Past Past Perfect Past Perfect |
In direct speech we use inverted commas to show the exact words the person said.
For example:
"I'm from Spain."
In reported speech, we don't use inverted commas.
Subject | will | base infinitive |
I s / he you we they | will 'll | go to bed now. have an early night. go to the shops, if you like. answer the door. bring a cake. look after it for you. |
Present continuous | ||
Subject | to be | verb + ing |
I | am 'm | babysitting tonight. studying this weekend. not doing anything next week. seeing the dentist on Tuesday. seeing friends at the weekend. meeting at 12.00 with the bank manager. |
S / he | is 's | |
You We They | are 're |
For intentions and decisions we'd normally use 'going to'.
Going to | |||
Subject | to be | going to | base infinitive |
I | am 'm | going to | watch a film tomorrow. do the shopping later. take the train. start music lessons soon. study really hard at the weekend. |
S / he | is 's | ||
You We They | are 're |
Present perfect | ||
subject | has/have | past participle |
I You We They | have 've | shocked the boss. heard the news. quit. |
He She | has 's |
Present perfect (negative) | ||
subject | have / has not | past participle |
I | have not | said anything. |
He | has not |
Present perfect question form | ||
have / has | subject | past participle |
Have | I | heard the news? |
Has | he |
So + adjective + that
Subject & verb | so | adjective | that | (result) |
The ice-cream was | so | good | that | I ordered a second bowl |
Such + adjective + noun + that
Subject & verb | such | adjective + noun | that | (result) |
It was | such | good coffee | that | I drank three cups |
It's | such | a great restaurant | that | I'll definitely go again |
clause | between | noun(s) – referring to individual things |
He shared the money equally | between | Jake and Mary |
clause | among | plural nouns |
Her exam results put her | among | the top 10% of students in her group |
Certain verbs may be followed by an object and then by an infinitive with to – I told you to do it. The negative infinitive is formed with not – I told you not to do it.
subject | verb | object | (not) to + infinitive | |
Marco's mother | ordered | him | to get into | the car. |
Elena | told | the children | not to touch | the glasses. |
The following verbs take this pattern: | ||
advise allow ask beg command encourage | forbid force instruct invite oblige order | permit persuade remind tell want warn |
Use a reporting verb... |
She asked if we were going over for tea. |
For yes / no questions, use if or whether... |
She asked if we were going over for tea. |
Repeat question words... |
She also asked how we were going to get there. |
Use statement word order, change pronouns and move the tense back if necessary... |
She asked if we were going over for tea. |
Direct speech |
| Reported speech |
Present Present Perfect Past | Past Past Perfect Past Perfect |
In direct speech we use inverted commas to show the exact words the person said.
For example:
"I'm from Spain."
In reported speech, we don't use inverted commas.
Unless with a subject and verb means only if or except if in positive and negative sentences. The other part of the sentence gives the possible result.
possible result | unless | subject and verb |
I'm not going to dance | unless | you ask me. |
I won't go by car | unless | it's a long way. |
We can go to the park | unless | someone has a better idea. |
unless | subject and verb | possible result |
Unless | we're there by 8 o'clock | we won't get anything to eat. |
Unless | Elena wants to take a taxi | we can go by bus. |
Unless | you tell me who broke the cup | I will make you pay for it. |
Both let and allow can be used to talk about giving and refusing permission.
Let
subject | let | object | infinitive or prepositional phrase |
They | let | me | go out and get a drink. |
They | wouldn't let | me | back in. |
Allow
subject | let | object | infinitive with to |
They | allowed | me | to go out and get a drink. |
She | won't allow | anyone | to smoke in the office. |
Allow (passive)
passive subject | verb 'to be' | allowed | infinitive with to |
He | wasn't | allowed | to go out and get a drink. |
Nobody | is | allowed | to smoke in the office. |