Thursday, 13 December 2007

20世紀百大英文小說

20世紀百大英文小說,是指於1998年7月,由美國紐約公共圖書館選編的《世紀之書》以及藍燈書屋的《當代文庫》編輯小組選出的本世紀一百大英文小說(The Hundred English Novels of The 20st Century)。其中以喬伊斯(James Joyce)《尤里西斯》(Ulysses)位居第一名,並且盛讚此書為「當代小說中的畢卡索」。《尤里西斯》於1922年出版,曾因晦澀、色情被英、美等國視為禁書,甚至當衆焚毀;今日全世界有近三百種譯本,是意識流小說的代表作。英國航海作家康拉德(Joseph Conrad)一人入選了四本,是最大的贏家。


  1. 喬伊斯(James Joyce)愛爾蘭 《尤里西斯》(Ulysses)1922
  2. 費茲傑羅(F. S. Fitzgerald)美國 《大亨小傳》(The Great Gatsby)1925
  3. 喬伊斯(James Joyce)愛爾蘭 《青年藝術家的畫像》(A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man)1916
  4. 納巴科夫(Vladimir Nabokov)俄裔美籍 《羅莉塔》(Lolita)1955
  5. 奧爾德斯·倫納德·赫胥黎(Aldous Huxley)英國 《美麗新世界》(Brave New World)1932
  6. 福克納(William Faulkner)美國 《聲囂與憤怒》(The Sound and Fury)1929
  7. 海勒(Joseph Heller)美國 《第22條軍規》(Catch-22)1961
  8. 柯斯勒(Arthur Koestler)匈牙利 《中午的黑暗》(Darkness at Noon)1941
  9. 勞倫斯(D. H. Lawrence)英國 《兒子與情人》(Sons and Lover)1913
  10. 約翰·史坦貝克(John Steinbeck)美國 《憤怒的葡萄》(The Grapes of Wrath)1939
  11. 勞瑞(Malcolm Lowry)英國 《在火山下》(Under the Volcano)1947
  12. 巴特勒(Samuel Butler)英國 《眾生之路》(The Way of All Flesh)1903
  13. 歐威爾(George Orwell)英國 《一九八四》(1984)1949
  14. 格雷夫斯(Robert Graves)英國 《我,克勞狄》(I, Claudius)1934
  15. 吳爾芙(Virginia Woolf)英國 《到燈塔去》(To the Lighthouse)1927
  16. 德萊賽(Theodore Dreiser)美國 《人間悲劇》(An American Tragedy)1925
  17. 瑪克勒絲(Carson McCullers)美國 《同是天涯淪落人》(The Heart Is a Longly Heart)1940
  18. 馮內果(Kurt Vonnegut)美國 《第五號屠宰場》(Slaughterhouse-Five)1969
  19. 埃利森(Ralph Ellison)美國 《隱形人》(Invisible Man)1952
  20. 萊特(Richard Wright)美國 《土生子》(Native Son)1940
  21. 貝婁(Saul Bellow)美國 《雨王韓德森》(Henderson the Rain King)1959
  22. 奧哈拉(John O'Hara)美國 《在薩馬拉的會合》(Appointment in Samarra)1934
  23. 多斯帕索斯(John Dos Passos)美國 《美國》(U. S. A.)1936
  24. 安德生(Sherwood Anderson)美國 《小城故事》(Winesburg, Ohio)1919
  25. 福斯特(E. M. Forster)英國 《印度之旅》(A Passage to India)1924
  26. 詹姆斯(Henry James)美國 《鴿翼》(The Wings of the Dove)1902
  27. 詹姆斯(Henry James)美國 《奉使記》(The Ambassadors)1903
  28. 費茲傑羅(F. S. Fitzgerald)美國 《夜未央》(Tender Is the Night)1934
  29. 法雷爾(James T. Farrell)美國 《「斯塔茲‧朗尼根」三部曲》(Studs Lonigan-trilogy)1935
  30. 福特(Ford Madox Ford)英國 《好兵》(The Good Soldier)1915
  31. 歐威爾(George Orwell)英國 《動物農莊》(Animal Farm)1945
  32. 詹姆斯(Henry James)美國 《金碗》(The Golden Bowl)1904
  33. 德萊賽(Theodore Dreiser)美國 《嘉莉妹妹》(Sister Carrie)1900
  34. 渥夫(Evelyn Waugh)英國 《一掬塵土》(A Handful of Dust)1934
  35. 福克納(William Faulkner)美國 《出殯現形記》(As I Lay Dying)1930
  36. 華倫(Robert Penn Warren)美國 《國王供奉的人們》(All the King's Men)1946
  37. 威爾德(Thornton Wilder)美國 《聖路易‧萊之橋》(The Bridge of SanLuis Rey)1927
  38. 福斯特(E. M. Forster)英國 《此情可問天》(Howards End)1910
  39. 包德溫(James Baldwin)美國 《向蒼天呼籲》(Go Tell It on the Mountain)1953
  40. 葛林(Graham Greene)英國 《事情的真相》(The Heart of the Matter)1948
  41. 高汀(William Golding)英國 《蒼蠅王》(Lord of the Flies)1954
  42. 迪基(James Dickey)美國 《解救》(Deliverance)1970
  43. 鮑威爾(Anthony Powell)英國 《與時代合拍的舞蹈》(A Dance to the Music of Time)1975
  44. 赫胥黎(Aldous Huxley)英國 《針鋒相對》(Point Counter Point)1928
  45. 海明威(Ernest Hemingway)美國 《妾似朝陽又照君》(The Sun Also Rise)1926
  46. 康拉德(Joseph Conrad)英國 《特務》(The Secret Agent)1907
  47. 康拉德(Joseph Conrad)英國 《諾斯特羅莫》(Nostromo)1904
  48. 勞倫斯(D. H. Lawrence)英國 《彩虹》(Rainbow)1915
  49. 勞倫斯(D. H. Lawrence)英國 《戀愛中的女人》(Women in Love)1920
  50. 米勒(Henry Miller)美國 《北回歸線》(Tropic of Cancer)1934
  51. 梅勒(Norman Mailer)美國 《裸者和死者》(The Naked and Dead)1948
  52. 羅斯(Philp Roth)美國 《波特諾伊的抱怨》(Portnoy's Complaint)1969
  53. 納巴科夫(Vladimir Nabokov)俄裔美籍 《蒼白的火》(Pale Fire)1962
  54. 福克納(William Faulkner)美國 《八月之光 》(Light in August)1932
  55. 克洛厄(Jack Kerouac)美國 《在路上》(On the Road)1957
  56. 漢密特(Dashiell Hammett)美國 《馬爾他之鷹》(The Maltese Falcon)1930
  57. 福特(Ford Madox Ford)英國 《行進的目的》(Parade's End)1928
  58. 華頓(Edith Wharton)美國 《純真年代》(The Age of Innocence)1920
  59. 畢爾邦(Max Beerbohm)英國 《朱萊卡‧多卜生》(Zuleika Dobson)1911
  60. 柏西(Walker Percy)美國 《熱愛電影的人》(The Moviegoer)1961
  61. 凱賽(Willa Cather)美國 《總主教之死》(Death Comes to Archbishop)1927
  62. 鍾斯(James Jones)美國 《亂世忠魂》(From Here to Eternity)1951
  63. 奇佛(John Cheever)美國 《豐普肖特紀事》(The Wapshot Chronicles)1957
  64. 沙林傑(J. D. Salinger)美國 《麥田守望者》(The Catcher in the Rye)1951
  65. 柏基斯(Anthony Burgess)英國 《裝有發條的橘子》(A Clockwork Orange)1962
  66. 毛姆(W. Somerset Maugham)英國 《人性枷鎖》(Of Human Bondage)1915
  67. 康拉德(Joseph Conrad)英國 《黑暗之心》(Heart of Darkness)1902
  68. 劉易士(Sinclair Lewis)美國 《大街》(Main Street)1920
  69. 華頓(Edith Wharton)美國 《歡樂之家》(The House of Mirth)1905
  70. 達雷爾(Lawrence Durrell)英國 《亞歷山大四部曲》(The Alexandraia Quartet)1960
  71. 休斯(Richard Hughes)英國 《牙買加的風》(A High Wind in Jamaica)1929
  72. 奈波爾(V. S. Naipaul)千里達 《畢斯瓦思先生之屋》(A House for Mr. Biswas)1961
  73. 威斯特(Nathaniel West)美國 《蝗蟲的日子》(The Day of the Locust)1939
  74. 海明威(Ernest Hemingway)美國 《戰地春夢》(A Farewell to Arms)1929
  75. 渥夫(Evelyn Waugh)英國 《獨家新聞》(Scoop)1938
  76. 絲帕克(Muriel Spark)英國 《瓊‧布羅迪小姐的青春》(The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie)1961
  77. 喬伊斯(James Joyce)愛爾蘭 《芬尼根守靈夜》(Finnegans Wake)1939
  78. 吉卜林(Rudyard Kipling)英國 《金姆》(Kim) 1901
  79. 福斯特(E. M. Forster)英國 《窗外有藍天》 (A Room with a View)1908
  80. 渥夫(Evelyn Waugh)英國 《夢斷白莊》(Bride shead Revisited)1945
  81. 貝婁(Saul Bellow)美國 《阿奇正傳》(The Adventures of Augie March)1971
  82. 史達格納(Wallace Stegner)美國 《安眠的天使》(Angle of Repose)1971
  83. 奈波爾(V. S. Naipaul)千里達 《河曲》(A Bend in the River)1979
  84. 鮑恩(Elizabeth Bowen)英國 《心之死》(The Death of the Heart')1938
  85. 康拉德(Joseph Conrad)英國 《吉姆爺》(Lord Jim)1900
  86. 達特羅(E. L. Doctorow)美國 《爵士樂》(Ragtime)1975
  87. 貝內特(Arnold Bennett)英國 《老婦人的故事》(The Old Wives' Tale)1908
  88. 倫敦(Jack London)英國 《野性的呼喚》(The Call of the Wild)1903
  89. 格林(Henry Green)英國 《》(Loving)1945
  90. 魯西迪(Salman Rushdie)(印裔英籍) 《午夜的孩子們》(Midnight's Children)1981
  91. 考德威爾(Erskine Caldwell)美國 《菸草路》(Tobacco Road)1932
  92. 甘耐第(William Kennedy)美國 《紫苑草》(Ironweed)1983
  93. 佛勒斯(John Fowles)英國 《占星家》(The Magus)1966
  94. 里絲(Jean Rhys)英國 《遼闊的藻海》(Wide Sargasso)1966
  95. 默多克(Iris Murdoch)英國 《在網下》(Under the Net)1954
  96. 斯蒂隆(William Styron)美國 《蘇菲亞的抉擇》(Sophie's Choice)1979
  97. 鮑爾斯(Paul Bowles)美國 《遮蔽的天空》(The Sheltering Sky)1949
  98. 凱恩(James M. Cain)美國 《郵差總按兩次鈴》(The Postman Always Rings Twice)1934
  99. 唐利維(J. P. Donleavy)美國 《眼線》(The Ginger Man)1955
  100. 塔金頓(Booth Tarkington)美國《偉大的安伯森斯》(The Magnificent Ambersons)1918
資料來源,
維基百科,20世紀百大英文小說



Monday, 10 December 2007

轉貼:澳洲報報導"馬來西亞的浪費"

MALAYSIA'S been at it again, arguing about what proportion of the economy each of its two main races — the Malays and the Chinese — owns. It's an argument that's been running for 40 years. That wealth and race are not synonymous is important for national cohesion, but really it's time Malaysia grew up.

It's a tough world out there and there can be little sympathy for a country that prefers to argue about how to divide wealth rather than get on with the job of creating it.

The long-held aim is for 30 per cent of corporate equity to be in Malay hands, but the figure that the Government uses to justify handing over huge swathes of public companies to Malays but not to other races is absurd. It bases its figure on equity valued, not at market value, but at par value.

Many shares have a par value of say $1 but a market value of $12. And so the Government figure (18.9 per cent is the most recent figure) is a gross underestimate. Last month a paper by a researcher at a local think-tank came up with a figure of 45 per cent based on actual stock prices. All hell broke loose. The paper was withdrawn and the researcher resigned in protest. Part of the problem is that he is Chinese.

"Malaysia boleh!" is Malaysia's national catch cry. It translates to "Malaysia can!" and Malaysia certainly can. Few countries are as good at wasting money. It is richly endowed with natural resources and the national obsession seems to be to extract these, sell them off and then collectively spray the proceeds up against the wall.

This all happens in the context of Malaysia's grossly inflated sense of its place in the world.

Most Malaysians are convinced that the eyes of the world are on their country and that their leaders are world figures. This is thanks to Malaysia's tame media and the bravado of former prime minister Mahathir Mohamad. The truth is, few people on the streets of London or New York could point to Malaysia on a map much less name its prime minister or capital city.

As if to make this point, a recent episode of The Simpsons features a newsreader trying to announce that a tidal wave had hit some place called Kuala Lumpur. He couldn't pronounce the city's name and so made up one, as if no-one cared anyway. But the joke was on the script writers — Kuala Lumpur is inland.

Petronas, the national oil company is well run, particularly when compared to the disaster that passes for a national oil company in neighbouring Indonesia. But in some respects, this is Malaysia's problem. The very success of Petronas means that it is used to underwrite all manner of excess.

The KLCC development in central Kuala Lumpur is an example. It includes the Twin Towers, the tallest buildings in the world when they were built, which was their point.

It certainly wasn't that there was an office shortage in Kuala Lumpur — there wasn't.

Malaysians are very proud of these towers. Goodness knows why. They had little to do with them. The money for them came out of the ground and the engineering was contracted out to South Korean companies.

They don't even run the shopping centre that's beneath them. That's handled by Australia's Westfield.

Next year, a Malaysian astronaut will go into space aboard a Russian rocket — the first Malay in space. And the cost? $RM95 million ($A34.3 million), to be footed by Malaysian taxpayers. The Science and Technology Minister has said that a moon landing in 2020 is the next target, aboard a US flight. There's no indication of what the Americans will charge for this, assuming there's even a chance that they will consider it. But what is Malaysia getting by using the space programs of others as a taxi service? There are no obvious technical benefits, but no doubt Malaysians will be told once again, that they are "boleh". The trouble is, they're not. It's not their space program.

Back in July, the Government announced that it would spend $RM490 million on a sports complex near the London Olympics site so that Malaysian athletes can train there and "get used to cold weather".

But the summer Olympics are held in the summer.

So what is the complex's real purpose? The dozens of goodwill missions by ministers and bureaucrats to London to check on the centre's construction and then on the athletes while they train might provide a clue.

Bank bale outs, a formula one racing track, an entire new capital city — Petronas has paid for them all. It's been an orgy of nonsense that Malaysia can ill afford.

Why? Because Malaysia's oil will run out in about 19 years. As it is, Malaysia will become a net oil importer in 2011 — that's just five years

away.

So it's in this context that the latest debate about race and wealth is so sad.

It is time to move on, time to prepare the economy for life after oil. But, like Nero fiddling while Rome burned, the Malaysian Government is more interested in stunts like sending a Malaysian into space when Malaysia's inadequate schools could have done with the cash, and arguing about wealth distribution using transparently ridiculous statistics.

That's not Malaysia "boleh", that's Malaysia "bodoh" (stupid)..


By Michael Backman
November 15, 2006
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(網上直譯,旡時間整理.)

马来西亚已经在它再次,争论多大比例的经济,它的每两个主要赛事-马来人与华人-堪称登峰造极。它的一种说法指出,对已运行了40年。财富和种族的不等于就是重要的民族凝聚力,但真正它的时候,马来西亚长大的。

这是一个严峻的世界存在,就不可能有同情心都没有一个国家是偏向于争论如何分配财富,而不是对展开工作,创造它。

长期持有的目的,是为30 %以上的法人股权将在马来语中的手,但这个数字,政府用途,以自圆其说交出巨额大片的公众公司,以马来人,而不是其他种族,是荒唐可笑的。它的基地,其数字对股权价值,而不是按市场价值,但在账面值。

许多股票有面值的说,一元,但市场价值12元。所以政府的数字( 18.9 % ,是最近期的数字) ,是严重低估。上个月一份文件,由一名研究员在当地智囊型想出了一个数字的45 %根据实际股票价格。所有的地狱,一片混乱。该文件被撤销和研究员辞职以示抗议。问题的部分原因是因为他是中国人。

"马来西亚boleh " !是马来西亚的国家追赶哭了。它翻译为"马来西亚能" !和马来西亚的,当然可以。少数国家的一样好,在浪费钱。它是富饶的自然资源和全国痴迷似乎是提取其中,出售它们赶走,然后集体喷雾收益了撞在墙上。

这一切发生的背景下,马来西亚的极夸大的责任感,在世界上的地位。

大多数马来西亚人相信,全球目光都对他们的国家和他们的领导人是世界上的数字。这是由于马来西亚的驯服媒体和虚张声势的前总理马哈蒂尔。事实是,很少有人在街上的伦敦或纽约都能指向马来西亚在一张地图上少得多名称及其首相或首都。

好像是为了指出这一点,最近一集辛普森具有新闻阅读试图向大家宣布巨浪曾触及有些地方所谓的吉隆坡。他不能发音城市的名称等,弥补了,因为如果没有人照顾,反正。但笑话,是对脚本作家-吉隆坡是内陆地区。

石油公司,国家石油公司在办好,特别是当比较灾难的推移,一个国家石油公司在邻国印度尼西亚。但在某些方面,这是马来西亚的问题。非常成功的纳斯意味着它是用来包底各种形式的过剩。

该klcc发展,在党中央,吉隆坡是一个例子。它包括双子塔,最高的建筑物,在世界上时,他们建立了,这是他们的论点。

这当然不是说有一个办事处短缺吉隆坡-有没有到位。

大马人感到无比骄傲和自豪,这些塔。有谁知道为什么。他们与他们的关系不大。钱,为他们出了地面和工程是外包给韩国企业。

他们甚至不办商场中心的下方。这是处理由澳大利亚的西田。

明年,一名马来西亚宇航员将进入太空乘坐俄罗斯火箭-第一马来语空间。和费用?元rm95万美元( a34.3万美元) ,将分,由马来西亚纳税人。科学和技术部长曾表示,一位登陆月球,在2020年,是下一个目标,以陆地为美国的飞行。有资料显示,并没有什么美国人将负责 为这,假设的,即使有机会,他们将予以考虑。但问题是什么是马来西亚越来越利用航天计划他人作为出租车服务?有没有明显的技术效益,但毫无疑问,马来西亚 人会被告知再次,他们是" boleh " 。麻烦的是,他们没有。这不是他们的太空计划等。

早在7月,泰国政府宣布,它将斥资rm490万元,建设一个综合体育场馆附近的伦敦奥运会网站,使马来西亚运动员能够列车有"习惯了寒冷的天气" 。

但夏季奥运会是在夏天。

那么是什么复杂的真正目的吗?数十个友好访问团由部长和官僚到伦敦去检查该中心的建设,然后就运动员,而他们的训练可能是提供一个线索。

巴莱银行外,一个一级方程式赛车轨道,整个新首都-纳斯付出了他们所有。它的是一个喧闹的宴会,胡言乱语,马国可负担不起。

为什么呢?因为马来西亚的石油,将一发不可收拾,在约19年。现在的情况是,马来西亚将成为一个净石油进口国,在2011年-这仅仅五年

远离。

因此它在这一背景下,最新的辩论,对种族和财富是如此伤心。

这是向前的时候,时间,以准备在经济生活中仅次于石油。但是,像nero的玩弄,而罗马烧毁,马来西亚政府更感兴趣的特技一样,派一名马来西亚进入太空时,马来西亚的不足,学校可以做得与现金,并争辩财富分配使用透明荒谬的统计数据。

这不是马来西亚" boleh " ,即的马来西亚" bodoh " (傻) ..

Monday, 3 December 2007

If you

If you don't like something, change it.

If you can't change it, change your attitude.

Don't complain.



Maya Angelou